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What is friction and its types?

‘Friction‘ is a force that resists motion of sliding or rolling of one object moving relative to another. It is a result of the electromagnetic attraction between the charged particles of two touching surfaces.   Types of Friction Static Friction : It is defined as the frictional force that acts between the surfaces when they are at rest with respect to each other. The magnitude of the static force is equal in the opposite direction when a small amount of force is applied. When the force increases, at some point maximum static friction is reached. Rolling friction : It is the force that resists motion when an object rolls on a surface. Technically it’s not friction; its ‘rolling resistance’ since when a body rolls perfectly upon a surface, on paper, there is no sliding friction between that object and surface. Sliding friction : It is the frictional force between two surfaces that are rubbing against each other. It’s a very easy and common concept. It’s hard to find a perfectl...
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What is non-metal?


A non-metal is a material which do not have properties of metals like lustre. They are non malleable, non ductile, non sonorous and bad conductor of heat and electricity. Example- Carbon, Sulphur, Phosphorous. Non-metals are the elements which form negative ions by accepting or gaining electrons. Non-metals usually have 4, 5, 6 or 7 electrons in their outermost shell.

Very few elements in the periodic table are non-metals. These are present on the right-hand side in the periodic table. Elements that come under non-metals are sulphur, carbon, all halogens, phosphorus, hydrogen, oxygen, selenium, nitrogen and noble gases.

Properties of Non-metals :

  • High ionization energies
  • High electronegativities
  • Poor thermal conductors
  • Poor electrical conductors
  • Brittle solids-not malleable or ductile
  • Little or no metallic luster
  • Gain electrons easily
  • Dull, not metallic-shiny, although they may be colorful
  • Lower melting points and boiling point than the metals

 Some special facts :

Uses of non-metal :

  • Oxygen is using in breathing.
  • Chlorine is used for purifying water.
  • Phosphorous is used in crackers. 
  • It is used in fertilizers. e.g. Pottassium 
  • Graphite is used as a good conductor of electricity and making a leads. 
  • Nitrogen is used by plants. 
  • Graphite is used as good conductor of electricity. 
  • Carbon is used as a fuel. 
  • Bromine is used in dyes and pesticides.

 

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